Publications

They wanted him to accept that the world didn't rotate; if he refused, the penalty was house arrest. In a society that treated even the Church's interpretations of science as commands, Galileo Galilei defended free thought in the light of science. He was just one of Socrates, Hypatia, Pythagoras, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Antoine Lavoisier, who were judged or killed for their views. Of course, alongside them was a populace that unquestioningly followed everything the Church sa

Southeast Asia has experienced a surge in economic growth in recent years. According to World Bank data for 2023, GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth rates are 1.1% for Singapore, 3.6% for Malaysia, 5% for Indonesia, and 5.5% for the Philippines. Nevertheless, income inequality in these regions should not be overlooked. The first appendix provides Indonesia's poverty rate and population-based inequality rate. Although these rates tend to decrease as we approach the present da

Five years ago, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, a gift of Russian literature to humanity, introduced the concept of 'love' in a world where humans mercilessly inflict cruelty upon one another. Although this love was not worldly, he argued that humanity's place in the universe could not be defined without faith. Tolstoy, who answered existential questions with the concept of 'faith,' sought answers in John in his work * What Men Live By *, where he posed three fundamental questions

Geography, while studying the Earth's surface, also investigates human systems. In this context, the physical/natural and human elements on the banknotes of the countries discussed in this article, which can be considered symbols of independence, can also be said to fall within the scope of geography. The 54 independent countries in Africa have produced 585 different banknotes in the last 30 years, each containing elements of both physical and human systems. One-third of thes